The fast food industry is one of the most recognizable and competitive markets in the world, with global chains like McDonald's, Burger King, Wendy’s, and KFC competing for market dominance. However, in some countries or regions, a duopoly (where two major firms dominate the market) may exist, while in other cases, the industry functions as an oligopoly (where a few large firms hold most of the market share). This project challenges students to investigate whether the fast food industry operates more like a duopoly or an oligopoly, using real-world data on market share, competition, and business strategies.

Students will begin by researching fast food industry concentration in different regions, identifying which firms hold the most market power. They should analyze how firms compete without directly lowering prices, such as through branding, promotions, menu diversification, and customer loyalty programs. A key focus of this research will be understanding how barriers to entry—such as supply chain dominance, economies of scale, and brand recognition—allow major fast food chains to maintain control over the market while limiting new competitors.

Students should also explore whether regional fast food markets behave differently. In some places, McDonald's and Burger King may control most of the market, making it resemble a duopoly, while in others, more firms may compete, forming an oligopoly. They should investigate how much smaller businesses and franchises can compete and whether independent fast food brands can challenge major corporations.

The final investigative report will summarize findings on market concentration, competitive behavior, and industry trends, concluding whether the fast food industry is better classified as a duopoly, an oligopoly, or a mix of both depending on the market. The goal is to help students understand how different market structures shape competition, pricing, and consumer choice in everyday industries.