Economic growth has traditionally been the primary measure of a country’s success, with nations striving for higher GDP, industrial output, and technological advancement. However, rapid economic expansion often comes at a cost, leading to environmental degradation, resource depletion, and climate change. This raises a crucial question: Can economies continue to grow while also protecting the environment and promoting long-term sustainability? This project challenges students to investigate the relationship between economic growth and sustainability, exploring whether it is possible to achieve both without sacrificing either.

Students will begin by researching the traditional drivers of economic growth, including industrialization, infrastructure expansion, resource extraction, and globalization. They should analyze why economic growth has historically been linked to higher carbon emissions, deforestation, and pollution, leading to conflicts between development goals and environmental protection.

A major part of this project involves examining sustainable development strategies used by various countries. Some nations, such as Germany, Sweden, and Costa Rica, have integrated green technologies, renewable energy, and environmental regulations while still maintaining economic stability. Others, like China and India, have faced challenges balancing rapid industrialization with environmental concerns. By comparing these case studies, students will assess whether sustainability and growth can coexist or if trade-offs are inevitable.

Another key focus is understanding the role of government policies, technological innovations, and global agreements in promoting sustainable economic models. Students should explore initiatives such as carbon pricing, green investment programs, corporate sustainability policies, and international agreements like the Paris Climate Accord. They will evaluate whether these efforts are sufficient to achieve sustainable growth or if new economic models, such as circular economies or degrowth movements, are necessary.

The final report should discuss whether sustainable economic growth is achievable, what policies have been successful, and whether alternative approaches to economic progress should be considered. The goal of this project is for students to develop a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between economic expansion and environmental responsibility, recognizing that economic success must be measured beyond just GDP.